HOW TO CHANGE DIRECT SPEECH INTO INDIRECT SPEECH:

Rules to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:-

     There are some specific rules to change direct speech into indirect speech.

·         How to change “Said to” in different cases.

To make this change, we should read the sentence attentively. With context of the sentence, this change could be made. In simple sentence, it will not be changed.

The nature of sentence                           Said to  changed into…         Commas replaced as…….

If some fact is told.                                               Told                                         That    

If something is asked                                            asked                                       If / W-words

If something advised                                            advised                                    to

If some request is made                                        requested                                 to

If some order is given                                           ordered                                    to

If something is forbidden                                     forbade                                    to

If prayed                                                               prayed                                     that

If something is forecasted                                                foretold                                   that

If sworn                                                                swore                                       that

If something is suggested                                     proposed                                 to

If something is demanded                                                begged                                                to

Is greetings are made                                            greeted                                                ---

If some wish is made                                            wished                                     that

If some pleasure is expressed                                exclaimed with joy                  that

If some sorrow is expressed                                  exclaim with sorrow                that

If some wonder is expressed                                exclaimed with wonder          that

To remove the Commas and Inverted Commas:-

      Following rules are used to remove the commas and inverted commas.

Ø  If the sentence is simple, we use “That.”

Ø  If the sentence is exclamatory, we use “That.”

Ø  If the sentence is imperative, we use “To” and then the first form of the verb.

Ø  If the sentence is interrogative in the form that only Helping Verb is used, we use “If” or “Whether”. We do not use H.V in the beginning. We make it a simple sentence. We don’t use question mart at the end.

Ø  If the sentence starts with W-words (Interrogative Pronouns), we use the same words after removing commas. Helping verb is not used after W-words. We make the sentence simple. No question marked is used.

Ø  If the sentence starts with conjunction, then nothing is used after removing commas.

CHANGE OF TENSE, PRONOUNS AND CERTAIN WORDS.

To make indirect, we make some changes in tense, pronouns and certain words.

If the Reporting Speech is in Past tense, we make changes in all above mentioned things.

If Reporting speech is in Present or Future tense, we only make changes in Pronoun. The tense inside the sentence is not changed.

CHAGES MADE IN TENSE / HELPING VERBS:

Present Indefinite                               into                  Past Indefinite

Present Continuous                             into                  past Continuous

Present Perfect                                    into                  Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous                into                  past Perfect Continuous

Past  Indefinite                                   into                  Past Perfect

Past Continuous                                  into                  Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect                                         into                  Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous                     into                  Past Perfect Continuous

For Future, we change    Will/Shall    into                 Would.

CHANGE OF HELPING VERBS:

Keeping in view the above changes of tense, the Helping Verbs are changed as:

Helping Verbs                        Changed into             Helping Verbs                        Changed into

Is, am                                      was                              May                                         might

Are                                          were                            Do, Does                                 did

Was, were                               had been                      did                                           had

Has, have                                had                              do, does not                            did not

Will, shall                                would                          did not                                                had not

Should                                     should be                     Can                                          could

TO CHANGE THE PERSON OF PRONOUNS:

Ø  The person of Reported Speech is changed according to the person of Reporting Speech.

·         The First Person of Reported Speech is change in Subject of Reporting Speech.

o   It means that  I, My, Me, We, Us, Our are changed into the subject.

·         The second person of Reported Speech is changed into the Object of Reporting Speech.

o   It means that You, Your are changed into object.

·         The third person is not changed.

THE CHANGE OF CERTAIN WORDS:

If there is Past Tense in Reporting Speech, there are some words that change into other words. The words of nearness are changed into the words of farness.The list of words to be changed is given below.

The Words	Changed into	The words	Changed into	The words	Changed into
This	That	These	Those	Here	There
Now	Then	Ago	Before	Hence	Thence
Past	Previous	Let	Should	Thus	So
Hither	Thither	Come	Go	Sir	Respectfully
Just	Then	Yes	Positive	No	Negative
Today	That day	Tonight	That night	Yesterday	The previous day
Last night	The previous night	Tomorrow	The coming day	The next day	The following day
The next week	The following week	The next year	The following year	Good morning, evening, night,	Greeted
Good day	God bye